Pearson Accountability Alliance

Exhibit B – 2025 Night Operations vs. Published Budget

The purpose is to answer a simple question: How many night flights actually occurred in 2025, and how does that compare to the official “budget”? This exhibit does not rely on internal GTAA data; it uses replicable, community-verifiable methods.

Related analysis: For a full explanation of how the budget itself is structured, see Exhibit A – Night Flight Budget Formula and the main analysis page Pearson’s Night Flight “Restriction” Formula .

1. Definitions Used in This Exhibit

For consistency and transparency, this exhibit uses clear, public definitions:

• Night period (local time): 23:00–07:00 (11 PM–7 AM), matching the sleep-opportunity window used on the Night Flight Formula page.
• Night movement: Any arrival or departure whose takeoff or landing time falls within 23:00–07:00 local time.
• Budgeted night movement: A night movement counted under GTAA’s annual night movement budget (as presented to the public).
• Exempt night movement: A night movement that occurs but is not counted toward the budget (e.g., certain delay-related, cargo, ferry, or repositioning flights, depending on the category).

2. Data Sources and Methodology (Plain Language)

2.1. Data sources

• ADS-B / radar data: Publicly observable flight tracking for CYYZ in 2025.
• ATIS recordings and transcripts: Night runway configuration and operational context.
• Acacia Park noise monitor: Time-stamped noise events for an exposed community under a major nighttime path.
• GTAA public reporting: Any published statements on the 2025 night budget and night-movement counts.

2.2. Counting method

For each day of 2025:

• Identify all arrivals and departures between 23:00 and 07:00.
• Classify movements as arrival or departure.
• Log runway, airline, aircraft type, and any available cause of delay (if applicable).
• Where possible, flag movements that match GTAA’s exempt categories.

The resulting counts are then aggregated by month, and compared to:

• GTAA’s publicly stated night budget for 2025 (as available by month/year).
• Any GTAA claims of “compliance with the night movement budget” for 2025.

Note: This series uses a deliberately conservative methodology. Where classification is uncertain, movements are left in the total column and not treated as “exempt” by default.

3. 2025 Night Movements vs. Published Budget — Summary

The table below provides a high-level summary of night movements in 2025 compared with GTAA’s published budget. Detailed monthly breakdowns follow in Section 4.

4. Monthly Night Movements — 2025 Detail

Status: Numerical values in the tables above will be populated once the 2025 night-movement dataset is finalized. The structure and definitions are published now so that the methodology is transparent in advance.

As you fill this table, you will be able to point to specific months where:

• Total night movements approach or exceed the published budget.
• Exempt / uncounted movements form a large share of total activity.
• GTAA still publicly reports “compliance” with the night budget.

5. Relationship to the Community Experience (Acacia Park & Other Monitors)

The night-movement counts in this exhibit can be cross-checked against real noise exposure at ground level, using:

• The Acacia Park Noise Monitor 2025 registry , and
• Any additional community monitors deployed under common night paths.

When night-movement peaks in this exhibit align with clusters of night-time noise events in the registry, it becomes difficult for GTAA to argue that night flights are “rare” or “tightly restricted”.

Source: Time-stamped noise events from the Acacia Park monitor, cross-referenced with nighttime ADS-B flight tracks and ATIS runway configurations. See Exhibit C – Acacia Park Night Noise Levels and Exhibit D – ATIS Night Runway Use .

6. How Investigators and Journalists Can Use This Exhibit

• Cross-check “compliance” claims: If GTAA claims compliance with the night budget for 2025, this exhibit allows you to ask, “Compliance with what, exactly?”
• Quantify exempt traffic: The estimated volume of exempt movements provides a lower bound on the unreported burden borne by communities.
• Link numbers to health risk: Once filled, this table can be used alongside WHO night-noise guidance to show that “budget compliance” does not equal health protection.

Methodology note: This exhibit is intentionally transparent and replicable. Any investigator with access to ADS-B archives, ATIS recordings, and clear night-time definitions can either reproduce the counts or check them against their own independent dataset.